Related Subjects:
|Thyrotoxicosis and Hyperthyroidism
|Thyroid Storm - Thyrotoxic crisis
|Graves Disease (Thyrotoxicosis)
|Amiodarone and Thyroid disease
|Thyroid Surgery (Thyroidectomy)
|Hypothyroidism
|Hashimoto's thyroiditis
|DeQuervain's thyroiditis
|Subacute Thyroiditis
|Thyroid nodule
|Congenital Hypothyroidism
|Thyroid Function Tests and antibodies
|Post partum thyroiditis
|Sick Euthyroid Syndrome
|Thyroid Exam (OSCE)
|Thyroid Gland anatomy and Physiology
|Thyroid Cancer
Definitions
Prevalence
Causes
Causes Details
Grave's disease Commoner in women aged 30-50, diffuse goitre and increased RAI uptake. Autoantibodies - Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin IgG (also called Thyroid stimulating antibody) Eye disease and pretibial myxoedema
Toxic nodular goitre Common symptoms and signs of thyrotoxicosis. Absent Thyroid autoantibodies useful to distinguish from Grave's disease
Toxic multinodular goitre Common symptoms and signs of thyrotoxicosis. Absent Thyroid autoantibodies useful to distinguish from Grave's disease
Toxic adenoma Palpable nodule - Increased uptake on RAI - "hot spot". Common symptoms and signs of thyrotoxicosis (Not rare!)
Thyroiditis Tender painful thyroid post viral illness. Release of stored thyroid hormones. Symptoms and signs of thyrotoxicosis. Raised ESR/CRP. Decreased RAI and increased incidence of HLA B35. Beta-blocker and NSAIDs and Steroids if severe
TSH secreting Pituitary adenoma Very rare indeed - hypopituitary - raised TSH and T4. Bitemporal hemianopia. Symptoms and signs of thyrotoxicosis
Hashimoto's thyroiditis Firm rubbery thyroid. Chronic lymphocytic infiltrate. Usually hypothyroid or euthyroid but in exceptional cases can develop "Hashitoxicosis" due to Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). Thyroid anti peroxidase antibodies and TSH blocking antibodies. Rare risk of Thyroid lymphoma
Jod-Basedow effect Excess iodine-ingestion e.g. Iodine in X-Ray contrast and Amiodarone
HCG excess Due to stimulatory effect of hCG on TSH receptor e.g. Hydatiform mole and Choriocarcinoma
McCune-Albright syndrome Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with irregular brown patches of cutaneous pigmentation and endocrine dysfunction, especially precocious puberty in girls but may develop hyperthyroidism due to one or more autonomous hyper functioning nodules.
Graves Disease with goitre and eye signs
Clinical
Investigations
Management
Radioactive iodine
Surgical
Pregnancy: Get specialist advice
References
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Thyrotoxicosis and Hyperthyroidism
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