| Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) |
- Dix-Hallpike Maneuver: Positional test to diagnose BPPV.
- Head Impulse Test: To evaluate vestibular function.
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- Epley Maneuver: Repositioning technique to move dislodged crystals in the inner ear.
- Brandt-Daroff Exercises: Home exercises to manage symptoms.
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| Meniere's Disease |
- Audiometry: Hearing test to assess for hearing loss.
- Electrocochleography: To detect abnormal inner ear fluid levels.
- Vestibular Testing: Includes caloric testing and VEMP (Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials).
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- Dietary Modifications: Low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention.
- Medications: Diuretics, betahistine, and anti-vertigo medications.
- Intratympanic Injections: Corticosteroids or gentamicin for severe cases.
- Surgery: Endolymphatic sac decompression or vestibular nerve section in refractory cases.
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| Vestibular Neuritis |
- Clinical Diagnosis: Based on the sudden onset of vertigo without hearing loss.
- Head Impulse Test: To confirm a peripheral vestibular disorder.
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- Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation.
- Vestibular Rehabilitation: Exercises to promote central compensation.
- Symptomatic Treatment: Antiemetics and vestibular suppressants for acute relief.
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| Labyrinthitis |
- Audiometry: To assess for hearing loss associated with labyrinthitis.
- MRI or CT Scan: To rule out other central causes of vertigo.
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- Antibiotics: If bacterial infection is suspected.
- Antiviral Medications: For viral causes.
- Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation.
- Vestibular Rehabilitation: Exercises to aid in recovery.
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| Central Causes (e.g., Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis) |
- MRI or CT Scan: To detect brain lesions or abnormalities.
- Neurological Examination: To assess for central nervous system involvement.
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- Neurological Treatment: Based on the underlying condition (e.g., stroke management protocols).
- Physical Therapy: To help with balance and coordination.
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