Gram-positive organisms |
Enterococcus faecalis |
Ampicillin, vancomycin/teicoplanin
|
Enterococcus faecium |
Vancomycin/teicoplanin, linezolid
Glycopeptide-resistant enterococci
Linezolid, tigecycline, daptomycin
|
MRSA |
Clindamycin, vancomycin, rifampicin (never used as monotherapy), linezolid, daptomycin, tetracyclines, tigecycline, co-trimoxazole
|
Staphylococcus aureus |
Flucloxacillin, clindamycin
|
Streptococcus pyogenes |
Penicillin, clindamycin, vancomycin
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Penicillin, cephalosporins, levofloxacin, vancomycin
|
Gram-negative organisms |
Escherichia coli, coliforms (enteric Gram-negative bacilli) |
Amoxicillin, Trimethoprim, cefuroxime, Ciprofloxacin, Co-Amoxiclav
|
Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp. |
Ciprofloxacin, meropenem, ertapenem, aminoglycosides
|
ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae |
Ciprofloxacin, meropenem, ertapenem (if sensitive), temocillin, aminoglycosides
|
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae |
Ciprofloxacin, aminoglycosides, tigecycline, colistin
|
Haemophilus influenzae |
Amoxicillin, Co-Amoxiclav, macrolides, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin
|
Legionella pneumophila |
Azithromycin, levofloxacin, doxycycline
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
Ceftriaxone/cefixime, spectinomycin
|
Neisseria meningitidis |
Penicillin, cefotaxime/ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, aztreonam, meropenem, aminoglycosides, ceftazidime/cefepime
|
Salmonella typhi |
Ceftriaxone, azithromycin (uncomplicated typhoid), chloramphenicol (resistance common)
|
Strict anaerobes |
Bacteroides spp. |
Metronidazole, clindamycin, Co-Amoxiclav, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem
|
Clostridioides difficile |
Metronidazole, vancomycin (oral), fidaxomicin
|
Clostridium spp. |
Penicillin, Metronidazole, clindamycin
|
Fusobacterium spp. |
Penicillin, Metronidazole, clindamycin
|
Other organisms |
Chlamydia trachomatis |
Azithromycin, doxycycline
|
Treponema pallidum |
Penicillin, doxycycline
|