Weakness Increased tone Increased reflexes Clonus Upgoing plantar Weakness Reduced tone Wasting Fasciculation Reduced reflexes Absent With reinforcement/diminished Normal Hyperactive Clonus - + ++ +++ ++++About
Weakness
Psychological/Functional
Cognitive
Primary motor cortex
Corona radiata
Internal capsule posterior limb
Midbrain crus cerebri
Pons
Medullary pyramids
Cervical cord
Thoracic cord
Upper Lumbar cord
Cauda equina
Anterior horn cell
Roots
Plexus - brachial/sacral
Peripheral nerve
Nerve end plate
Muscle
Upper motor neuron Lower motor neuron
Motor Exam
Inspect
Tone
Power
Reflexes (clonus)
Plantar response
Coordination
Cerebellar signs
Grading reflexes
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Causes of Weakness
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