Arthritis & Uveitis |
Sarcoid
|
Stills
|
IBD
|
RhA
|
Ank spond
|
Vasculitides
|
DIPLOPIA |
Cover abnormal eye = lose outer image
|
Max separation = direction of action of paralysed muscle
|
ACUTE IRITIS |
Wounds
|
Corneal ulcers
|
TB
|
Syphilis
|
Brucellosis
|
Gonorrhoea
|
Toxoplasmosis
|
Sarcoid
|
Ank. Spond.
|
May = glaucoma/cataract
|
Mx steroid drops, Atropine + eye pad
|
Diabetic Retinopathy |
Background microaneurysms, dot/blot haemorrhage, hard exudates
|
Pre-proliferative & cotton-wool spots
|
Proliferative & new vessels
|
Cataracts |
Steroids
|
Chlorpromazine
|
Chloroquine
|
Vitamin D
|
Gold
|
Amiodarone
|
Busulphan
|
Retinopathy |
Quinine
|
Vincistine
|
Ethambutol
|
Phenothiazines
|
BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OBSTRUCTION (BRVO) |
HTN
|
DM
|
Hyperviscosity
|
Beckets
|
Sarcoid
|
Thrombophilia
(occluded artery = pale disc usually due to emboli)
|
ACUTE PAINFUL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA |
Orbital fissure synd (3, 4, 6, V1)
|
Orbital apex synd (3, 4, 6, V1 and opthalmic vein and optic nerve and optic artery)
|
Orbital cellulitis
|
CHRONIC PAINFUL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA |
Granulomatous dis
|
ICA aneurysm
|
Ophthalmic migraine
|
DRY Eyes |
Sjogrens
|
Sclerodema
|
SLE
|
Sarcoid
|
MCTD
|
Anticholinergics
|
Rubeosis Iridis |
SC
|
DM
|
CRVO
|
Pterygium |
Increased in elderly
|
Tropics (due to UV light)
|
Red Eye |
Conjunctivitis |
injection from limbus
|
Episcleritis |
inflamed red sclera
|
Scleritis |
as above, but sore (RhA, IBD, Ank spond, Vasulitides, HSV, gout)
|
Uveitis/iritis |
sore; hypopyon
|
Glaucoma
|
Toxic Shock Syndrome/gram Neg sepsis |
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
|
Rash
|
Corneal oedema
|
Afro-Caribbean |
Sarcoid
|
SLE
|
SC
|
HIV |
CMV retinits
|
Choridal TB
|
Candida end ophthalmitis (vitreous tumour)
|
Retinitis Pigmentosa |
FRAT
|
Abelalipoproteinaemia
|
Refsum
|
Kearns-Sayers
|
Usher's
|
Alport's
|
Lawrence-Moon-Biedel
|
Familial
|
Choroidoretinitis (scars) |
CMV
|
Brucella
|
Toxocara
|
Sarcoid
|
Toxoplasma
|
Cherry Red Spot |
Tay Sachs
|
Neiman-Pick
|
Sialaditosis
|
Herpes Simplex |
Primary infection usually self-limiting (periocular vesicles)
|
Recurrence = keratitis
|
Geographic, dendritic ulcers
|
Roth Spots |
SBE
|
SLE
|
Severe anaemia
|
Vasculitides
|
Leukaemia
|
DM |
Cataract
|
Ptrygium
|
Rubeosis iridis
|
ANGIOD STREAKS |
Pseudoxanthoma elastium
|
Ehlers-Danlos
|
High phos
|
Pagets
|
Sickle cell
|
Miscellaneous |
CYTOID bodies = Retinal infarcts in SLE
|
Retro-orbital pain seen in HIV sercoconversion
|
12 + 6 o'clock = corneal arcus
|
3 + 9 o'clock = high calcium
|
Haemorrhage 2 fluid level |
subhyaloid = (SAH)
|
Pinguecula (perilimbal raised lesions) = usu normal unless Gaucher's (young Jewish with splenomeg)
|
Leucocoryia + convergent squint = retinoblastoma (assoc ? Wilm's)
|
Retro-orbital pain seen in HIV sercoconversion
|
CMV retinitis = IV Gancyclovir (? withhold HAART till remission)
|
Toxoplasma retinitis = Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine
|
Toxocara canis: Macular lesion well demarcated
|
3 causes blind both eyes over few days: Methanol tox, Lebers, Psychological
|
Oculocutaneous Albinism = Pale retina; pendular nystagmus
|