Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Artery
Notes
anal sphincter, external
perineal body or central tendinous point of the perineum
encircles the anal canal; superficial fibres attach to the coccyx
constricts the anal canal
inferior rectal nerves (from the pudendal nerve)
inferior rectal a.
skeletal (voluntary) muscle, as contrasted with sphincter ani internus,
which is smooth (involuntary) muscle; the external anal sphincter is considered
part of the pelvic diaphragm
anal sphincter, internal
encircles the anal canal
encircles the anal canal
constricts the anal canal
parasympathetic fibers from S4
middle rectal a.
smooth muscle (involuntary), as contrasted with sphincter ani externus,
which is skeletal muscle (voluntary)
bulbospongiosus, in female
perineal body and fascia of the bulb of the vestibule
perineal membrane and corpus cavernosum of the clitoris
compresses the vestibular bulb and constricts the vaginal orifice
deep branch of the perineal nerve (from pudendal nerve)
perineal a.
skeletal muscle
bulbospongiosus, in male
central tendinous point and the midline raphe on the bulb of the penis
perineal membrane, dorsal surface of the corpus spongiosum, deep penile
fascia
compresses the bulb of the penis, compresses the spongy urethra
deep branch of the perineal nerve (from pudendal nerve)
perineal a.
expels the last drops of urine from urethra; expels semen during ejaculation
coccygeus
ischial spine
side of the coccyx and lower sacrum
elevates the pelvic floor
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4
inferior gluteal a.
coccygeus and levator ani combined form the pelvic diaphragm
deep transverse perineus
medial surface of the ischial ramus
contralateral muscle and perineal body/central tendinous point
fixes and stabilizes the perineal body/central tendinous point
deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve
internal pudendal a.
superficial and deep transverse perineus muscles are separated by the perineal
membrane
detruser of bladder
smooth muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder
fascicles are arranged roughly in three layers
compresses the urinary bladder
parasympathetic nerve fibers from the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4 spinal
cord levels)
superior and inferior vesical aa.
muscles in the neck of bladder must contract and cause the internal urethral orifice to open before the detruser muscle can void the bladder (Latin, detruser = to push down)
iliococcygeus
arcus tendineus levator ani and the ischial spine
anococcygeal raphe and the coccyx
elevates the pelvic floor
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4
inferior gluteal a.
the combination of puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus is called
the levator ani m.
ischiocavernosus
medial surface of the ischial tuberosity and the ischiopubic ramus
corpus cavernosum and crus of the penis/clitoris
compresses the corpus cavernosum
deep branch of the perineal nerve (from pudendal nerve)
perineal a.
ischiocavernosus m. is closely applied to the surface of the crus penis/clitoris
levator ani
posterior surface of the body of the pubis, fascia of the obturator internus
m. (arcus tendineus levator ani), ischial spine
anococcygeal raphe and coccyx
elevates the pelvic floor
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4
inferior gluteal a.
the combination of puborectalis, pubococcygeus & iliococcygeus is the levator ani m.; coccygeus and levator ani combined form the pelvic diaphragm (Latin, levator = to lift)
levator prostatae
posterior aspect of the pubis
fascia of the prostate
elevates the prostate
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4
inferior gluteal a.
levator prostatae is part of the puborectalis m. (Latin, levator = to lift)
pubococcygeus
posterior aspect of the superior pubic ramis
coccyx
elevates the pelvic floor
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4
inferior gluteal a.
the combination of puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus is called
the levator ani m.
puborectalis
posterior aspect of the body of the pubis
unites with the puborectalis m. of other side posterior to the rectum
draws the distal rectum forward and superiorly; aids in voluntary retention
of feces
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4
inferior gluteal a.
the combination of puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus is called
the levator ani m.
pubovaginalis
posterior aspect of the body of the pubis
fascia of the vagina and perineal body
draws the vagina forward and superiorly
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4
inferior gluteal a.
sphincter ani externus
perineal body or central tendinous point of the perineum
encircles the anal canal; superficial fibers attach to the coccyx
constricts the anal canal
inferior rectal nerves (from the pudendal nerve)
inferior rectal a.
skeletal (voluntary) muscle, as contrasted with sphincter ani internus,
which is smooth (involuntary) muscle; the external anal sphincter is considered
part of the pelvic diaphragm
sphincter ani internus
encircles the anal canal
encircles the anal canal
constricts the anal canal
parasympathetic fibers from S4
middle rectal a.
smooth muscle (involuntary), as contrasted with sphincter ani externus,
which is skeletal muscle (voluntary)
sphincter urethrae, in female
encircles the urethra
encircles urethra and vagina; extends superiorly along the urethra as far
as the inferior surface of the bladder
compresses urethra and vagina
deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve
internal pudendal a.
skeletal muscle
sphincter urethrae, in male
encircles the urethra
encircles urethra, reaches lateral surface of prostate and inferior bladder
compresses urethra
deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve
internal pudendal a.
skeletal muscle
superficial transverse perineus
medial surface of the ischial ramus
contralateral muscle and the perineal body/central tendinous point
fixes and stabilizes perineal body/central tendinous point
deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve
perineal a.
superficial and deep transverse perineus muscles are separated by the perineal
membrane
transverse perineus, deep
medial surface of the ischial ramus
contralateral muscle and perineal body/central tendinous point
fixes and stabilizes the perineal body/central tendinous point
deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve
internal pudendal a.
superficial and deep transverse perineus muscles are separated by the perineal
membrane
transverse perineus, superficial
medial surface of the ischial ramus
contralateral muscle and the perineal body/central tendinous point
fixes and stabilizes perineal body/central tendinous point
deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve
perineal a.
superficial and deep transverse perineus muscles are separated by the perineal
membrane
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Anatomy of the Muscles of the Pelvis and Perineum
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