| Category | Causes | Diagnosis | Management | 
 
 | Airway Obstruction | 
 Foreign body (e.g., choking)Swelling (e.g., anaphylaxis, angioedema)Trauma to airway (e.g., tracheal injury) | 
 Physical examination (visual inspection of airway)Absence of breath soundsStridor or gasping sounds | 
 Remove obstruction (e.g., Heimlich maneuver, suction)Secure airway (intubation if necessary)Administer epinephrine for anaphylaxis | 
 
 | Central Nervous System Depression | 
 Drug overdose (e.g., opioids, sedatives)Trauma (e.g., brain injury)Stroke | 
 Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assessmentAbsence of spontaneous breathingHistory of drug use or head injury | 
 Administer naloxone for opioid overdoseSupportive care (ventilation)Neuroimaging for brain injury or stroke | 
 
 | Lung Disease | 
 Severe asthma exacerbationChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)Pneumonia | 
 Chest X-rayArterial blood gas (ABG) analysisAuscultation for wheezing or crackles | 
 Administer bronchodilators and steroids (for asthma/COPD)Oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilationAntibiotics for pneumonia | 
 
 | Cardiac Causes | 
 Cardiac arrestSevere arrhythmiaMyocardial infarction | 
 Electrocardiogram (ECG)Pulse check (absence of pulse)History of cardiac disease | 
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)Defibrillation for shockable rhythms | 
 
 | Metabolic/Endocrine Causes | 
 Severe electrolyte imbalance (e.g., hyperkalemia)HypoglycemiaThyroid storm | 
 Blood tests (electrolyte panel, blood glucose)History of metabolic or endocrine disorderSigns of weakness or altered mental state | 
 Correct underlying metabolic abnormality (e.g., IV insulin for hyperkalemia, glucose for hypoglycemia)Administer supportive care (oxygen, ventilation) | 
 
 | Other Causes | 
 SepsisHypothermia or hyperthermiaTension pneumothorax | 
 Blood cultures and lactate for sepsisClinical assessment of body temperatureNeedle decompression for tension pneumothorax | 
 Antibiotics and fluid resuscitation for sepsisTemperature regulation (warming or cooling)Needle decompression followed by chest tube insertion for pneumothorax |