Makindo Medical Notes.com |
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Visual Field Change | Appearance | Associated Causes |
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Bitemporal Hemianopia | Loss of vision in the outer (temporal) half of both visual fields |
- Pituitary adenoma - Craniopharyngioma - Suprasellar aneurysm |
Homonymous Hemianopia | Loss of vision in the same half of the visual field in both eyes |
- Stroke affecting the occipital lobe - Tumour in the optic tract or occipital lobe - Traumatic brain injury |
Quadrantanopia | Loss of vision in one quarter of the visual field |
- Temporal lobe lesions (superior quadrantanopia) - Parietal lobe lesions (inferior quadrantanopia) - Stroke |
Central Scotoma | Loss of vision in the central visual field |
- Optic neuritis (often associated with multiple sclerosis) - Macular degeneration - Toxic or nutritional optic neuropathy (e.g., due to alcohol, tobacco) |
Arcuate Scotoma | Arc-shaped loss of vision, usually following the path of retinal nerve fibers |
- Glaucoma - Optic nerve damage - Retinal disease |
Altitudinal Hemianopia | Loss of vision in the upper or lower half of the visual field |
- Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Retinal artery occlusion - Optic neuritis |
Tunnel Vision | Constricted visual fields, with loss of peripheral vision |
- Advanced glaucoma - Retinitis pigmentosa - Hysteria or malingering (in some cases, true tunnel vision is rare) |
Monocular Vision Loss | Complete loss of vision in one eye |
- Optic neuritis - Retinal detachment - Central retinal artery occlusion - Severe glaucoma |